Coke oven with movable heating walls



4 Sheets-Sheet l F. PUENING COKE OVEN WITH MovABLE HEATING wALL's Filed Nov. ll.

Oct. 3, 1939.

F. PUENING 2,174,833

COKE OVEN WITH MOVABLE HEATING /WALLS Filed Nov. l1, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 nyenior:

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3, w39.. F. PUENING 29V4833 v COKE OVEN WITH MOVABLE HEATING WALLS Filed Nov. ll, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 i Ohm.

-4 mm 50mm Y] Get. 3, E9. F. PUENING COKE OVEN WITH MOVABLE HEATING WALLS Filed Nov. v11, 193e 4 sheets-sheet 4 Patented Oct. 3, 1939 Usi-'rsesmi-sist rarest orner `Franz Puening, LondonQEngland,

ApplicationNovember 11, 1936,` Serial No. 110,294

In Germany November-13,-1935 e claims. (ci. 2oz-405) YThis invention relates to a coke oven especially Y for lowor medium-temperature coking with movable, hollow, interiorly heated, heating Walls ar- Vrangedina distillation Chamber, which-form in between them the coking chambers and can be spread apart from one anotherfor the purpose of emptying the latter. Y For the purpose of supplying and withdrawing the heating means, for example in the .form of 10,-,a heating gas heated outside the distillation chamber and circulating in the heating walls,

in ,known devices of this kind outwardly leading movable pipeV connectionsl in the form of movable pipe bends dipping into water seals are laproyided. In other constructional forms resilient metallic connections are provided which are subjected to the full temperature ofthe heating gases and therefore suffer from corrosion and furthermore are quite inaccessible during operation. These and similar arrangements are com paratively expensive to make, occupy much space, or give rise to considerable heat loss. Also the certainty of operation leaves much to be desired.

In order to remove the said disadvantages ac- `cording to the present invention the heating walls 'are providedv with fixed pipe members vserving for supplying and withdrawing heating means passing through the walls of the distillation chamber, and sealed cli at the same and movable in them.

` In the accompanying drawings which show constructional examples of the invention, v

Figure 1 shows a vertical middle section through an oven withy pipe members horizontally 35,*arranged at the upper ends of the heating walls;

Figure 2 shows a View made up ofV sections along the lines II-II, IIa-IIa and IIb-IIb of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 shows a partial section on an en- "larged scale along the line III-fIII of Fig. 1 and Figure 4 shows a partial section along theline IV-IV of Fig. 2;

Figure 5 shows schematically the pressure conditions of the plant, whilst k Figures 6, 7 and 8 show schematically two further constructional forms of the invention.

In the distillation space I (Figs. 1 and 2),

which is laterally bounded by the longitudinal,`V

walls 2, 3 (Fig. 1) and the end walls 6 and 5 :.(Fig. 2), hollow` iron heating walls 6 aresuspended, which form in between them the coking chambers 'I (Fig. 2). rIv'he interior of the heating walls is subdivided by means of transverse wallshB (Fig. 1) into three pairspof descending :;yheatingfflues 9 andascendingheating ilues II,

through which the heating gas, heated in an eX- terior source of heat, issent by means of a fan likewise disposed outside the distillation chamber l, and infact theheatin'g gas passes from the fan rst into a distributing channel I2 comV` 5 mon for all Vheating walls and `enters through openings I3 in the same into pipe members I4 of the heating walls. After passing throughV the heating iiues 9 and I0 lit leaves the heating walls by way of pipe membersY I5 `and passes through 10 openings I6 into a common collecting channel Il -whenoe it is led again into the fan and to the heating up device.

The pipe members Ill and I5 are rigidly connected with the sheet metal body of -the heating 15 walls Ii, which body is provided with thermally insulating layers I8. They are mounted inthe walls 2 andY 3 of the distillation chamber so that the-heating Vwall can readily rotate about its Y axis a certain amount forthe purpose of spread- 20 ing open the coking chambers l.` Reference -may be directed in this connection to the swung-out position of the right hand heating wall shownvin dot andv dash lines in- Figure. 2.

In order to prevent changes in shape ofthe 25 pipemembers, which `may arise in consequence ot the action of the heat and the great Weight ofthe lheating walls (amounting to some tons), special load-relieving suspension members, are provided. These consist of rods I9 I(Figs. 1, 2 and 4) which engagewithlateral pins 2l (Figs.

2 and. 4) situated on the anchored ends of the pipemembers I andA I5, andare carriedk at the top by a transverse member 22 .which is supported by means of a central adjusting screw 35 23V (Figs. 2 and 4) on a strong leaf spring 24, which spring rests on a bracketr25 (Fig. 4) of the girder construction V2li. 'I'he adjusting screw 231s so set that each of the two ysprings 24 Aof .one heating wall takes up half the weight, with 40" the result that the outer ends of the pipemem-` bers and theirbearing pieces are relieved of the weight of the heating wall. Besides avoiding changes in shape of the pipe members, by this means protection from injury of the sealings of 4M the pipe members, to be described below, is attained during the movement of the walls. Itis apparent that the suspensionrmembers I9 do not hinder the spreading movements of the heating walls since the transverse member 22 can 50 correspondingly move about the foot of the screw or bolt 23. The points of engagement for the rods I9 are so arranged that the directions of the action of the latter converge downwardly vin the direction of the planes of their heating `wall`55 (Fig. 1) so that in the top part of the heating wall tensions arise and distortion in the shape or warping of the walls at these places is prevented.

The distillation space I in which the distillation gases collect is closed off from the exterior in a gas-tight manner. This is effected at the top by means of a thermally insulated cover 29 having a anged-over edge 2'I (Figs. 1 and 2) dipping 'into a water seal 28, which cover is wholly or partly lifted off for the purpose of lling the coking chambers by means of the lling machine 32 running on rails 3I (Fig. 1). At the bottom the sealing o is effected by means of a rotatory valve 33, which closes up the discharge openingV 35 of the distillation chamber by means of a Water seal 34. After emptying the coking chamber I (Fig. 2) and opening the valve 33 (Fig. 1) the finished coke falls into the wagon 36 Waiting ready to receive it.

In order on the one hand effectively to seal off from the outer air the passages in the walls 2 and 3 Yfor the pipe members i4 and I5 and on the other hand the entry openings for the latter into the ducts I2 and i'I, whilst at the same time not hindering the movement of the heating walls, stuffing box seals are arranged in the free spaces provided between the channels I2 and Il and the walls 2 and 3 through which the pipe members pass. These stuffing box seals consist of a resilient sealing medium 3l (Fig. 4)' surrounding the pipe members in ring-like fashion, which medium is held between a ring disc 38 and an abutment wall 4I, and the radial pressing of v which on the peripheral surface of the pipe members, and at the same time as a result on the abutment wall, is effected by means of a steel band 42 running around its outer periphery. This steel band at one end is fastened to a pin 43 (Fig. 3) and its other end is connected to a V4pin 44 of a piston rod 45. The piston 46 of the rod moves in a pressure cylinder 41 connected to the pin 43, to which cylinder air or liquid under pressure is supplied through an opening 58. This is effected during the distillation. By this means the pin 44 is moved towards the pin 43, that is to say the steel band 42 is tightened and the sealing medium 31, is pressed against the outer periphery of the pipe member I4 or I5.

In order' to protect the sealing material 3'I during the spreading apart of the heating walls following the distillation, the piston 46 (Fig. 3) is Vrelieved from the load so that the pressure pressing on the material 31 is` removed. In this way all stufng boxes can conveniently be subjected to load or relieved from load by means of a handle. Instead of providing a special pressure cylinder 41 for each stuffing box, several stuffing boxes may also be connected through suitable mechanical transmission means to a common pressure cylinder.

The parts of the walls 2 and 3 (Fig. 1) through which the pipe members I4 and I5 pass are made removable and form separate undivided :rectangular frames 48 surrounding the pipe members i4 and I5, which frames are, together with the stuffing boxes 31, 3S situated on them, pushed axially on to the pipe members, to be there, with interposition of suitable sealing material, bolted inA gas-tight fashion at the bottom to ther solid parts of the walls 2 and 3 and at the top to the girder erection 26. As is apparent from Figures 2 and 3 the frames 48 lie with their lateral surfaces next to one another, and in fact with an 75;; intermediate space for a sealing medium 49 (Fig. 3). At the top ena of the intermediate space there is a closable opening 52 on the wall of the girder structure 2E through which the sealing material can be iilled in or added. In a corresponding manner the outer ends of the pipe members I4 and I5 (Fig. 1) are surrounded by rectangularly shaped frames which at the bottom are bolted to the wall of the heating channels I2 and i1 and at the top with a covering structure 54.

After loosening the bolts for the frames 48 and 53, removing the covering structure 54 and removing the cover 29, and the girder structure 28, the heating walls 6 together with their pipe members and frames 48 and 53 as well as stuffing boxes, can be taken out for the purpose of repair or replacement without any further interference with the stationary parts of the plant being necessary. Since the stufling boxes 37, 38 are arranged in the comparatively cool air space situated between the channels I2 and II and the walls 2 and 3, the stuiing boxes are not subjected to the high temperature of the heating means, which lies at about 600. Asbestos, there-V fore, or an articial material or equivalent ac,-A tion may be used as sealing material without. operative difculties on the part of the stuffing boxes having to be feared.

The pipe members I4 and I5 are provided in the interior with a thick thermal insulation 5,5` (Fig. l). In order, as a result of this, not to diminish the cross section of the passage for the gases to too great an extent, this insulating layer may be made thinner than necessary and as substitute therefor horizontally disposed insulating walls 56, 51 may be provided above and below all the pipe members in the space between the channels I2 and I'I and the walls 2 and 3.

Owing to the fact that the frames 48 and also the frames 53 lie with their lateral faces directly next to one another, that is to say without the interpositioning of parts of the Walls 2 and 3 or of the covering structure, and therefore are displaceable on their lower bearing surfaces on( the walls 2 and 3 or channels I2 and I1, their middle points can be adjusted to any desired distance apart, the free space forming between them being if desired filled up with suitable pieces of filling material. In this way the distances between the individual heating walls may be regulated as desired, that is to say the coking chambers 'I may be adjusted to any desired width, which is a point of great importance for the coking of certain varieties of coal which presuppose definite chamber widths. If the coke produced is intended for boiler plants then the coal to be coked may be introduced in the form of coarse lumps. In this case it is sufficient to close up the lower ends of the coking chambers lI by means of ledges 58 (Fig. 2) arranged on the walls. The swinging out of the walls when they are swung apart is carried out sufficiently far to enable the coke to fall down automatically in spite of these ledges 58.

In the production of household coke the coal to be coked must in general be nely ground. Since in this case the closure effected by the ledge members 58 would not be sufficient special bottom insulated closure tables 59 (Fig. 2) are provided which at their ends are secured to ledges 6I (Figs. 1, 2), which ledges, with interpositioning of closure metal sheets 62, are displaceable longitudinally together with the tables 59 on supports 63 situated in the walls 2 and 3. The

displacement is effected by means of a pressure 75S.

cylinder 6ft-(Fig. 2) in which the pressure medium can enter either through an opening 65 or an opening 66. When entering through the opening 65` the cylinder piston 6l is moved towards the left and takes with it, by means of the piston rod 68, the ledges 6I and the tables 59, so that the free intermediate spaces between the tables come tp lie underneath the coking chamber 1. If now the walls are swung apart the nished coke falls downwardly through the intermediate spaces between the tables 59 into the discharge chamber 35.. The closure metal sheets 62 (Fig. 1) which are not moved at the same time are interrupted at the places at which the intermediate spaces between the tables 59 come to lie during the leftwards motion of the piston 67. The coal or coke pieces which get into the spaces between the walls 2 and 3 (Fig. l) and the heating wall and were prevented from falling downwardly by the sheet 62 or the ends of the tables 59, can now fall down. If after emptying the coking chambers the heating walls are brought back again into their working position shown in Fig. 2, then by letting pressure medium in through the opening 66 the piston, together with the tables 59, is moved towards the right again, so that the coking chambers are closed again at the bottom by means of the tables.

This closure device possesses the great advantage that owing to the displacement of the tables any pieces of badly coked coal adhering to the lower part of the heating walls or on the tables or metal sheets 62 are scraped off so that close abutment of the closure agents on to the lower ends of the heating walls cannot be prevented by them. The latter is' forthwith possible when, for example, swingable flaps are used as closure members for the coking chambers.

In the constructional example shown the heating walls S are spread apart by means of the turning levers 69 (Fig. 1) which engage with lateral pins 1| in the heating walls and are situated on shafts 12 which are mounted gas-tightly in the walls 2 and 3, for example with employment cf stuffing boxes. At the outer endsthese shafts 'l2 possess arms 'I3 on which tie rods 14 engage, which latter move in fixed guides 15. These tie rods may be raised and lowered from their upper ends 16 by an operating member 'VI driven by a working cylinder, whereby the heating walls can be guided into the spread-out position or are brought out of this position back into the working position. The working cylinders and the operating member Tl are preferably arranged on the filling machine 32 and by means of clutches 18 the rods 14, corresponding each time to the position of the filling machine 32, are coupled with the driving device.

In order in the case of leakages in the stuing box sealings or at other places of the distillation space not to have the distillation gases passing to the exterior, the distillation space l, from which the distillation gases are withdrawn through an opening 'I9 (Fig. 2), is in the known manner subjected to a reduced pressure as compared with the outer air, which is effected by means of suitable adjustment of the fan sucking olf the distillation gases.

In the same way the whole system of heating gas supply also is kept under a reduced pressure as compared with the outer atmosphere, so that the hot gases are not capable of reaching the exterior through non-sealed places, more particularly of the stufng boxes, at the ends of the pipe members I4 and l5. The pressure state in the individual parts of theplant is apparent from the schematic illustration shown in Fig. 5, in which the pressures are indicated in mm. of water column. 'I'he heating gases are heated by means of a burner 8| and pass by way of a duct 82 into the distributing channel l2, by way of the heating walls 6 and the collecting channel I'l into a suction channel 83 and from thence to a fan 84 which forwards them into the pressure chamber 35. The excess waste gases from the system are drawn off by chimney action, and in fact at the same time the whole pressure condition of the system is Vregulated by the fact that the chimney 86 is connected to the pressure duct 85 between the fan 84 and the burner 3l. At the top end of the chimney atmospheric pressure prevails and at the bottom end a pressure which is diminished by the rising effect of the chimney, so that on the pressure side of the fan there is a partial vacuum of about 5 mm. of water and, in the case of a total resistance of 55 mm. of water against the heating gas circulation on the suction side of the fan a partial vacuum of 60 mm. prevails.

The heating flues in the interior of the heating walls divided off by the intermediate walls 8 (Fig. 1) consist, as has been said, of three pairs of heating iiues each of which possesses a descending branch 9 in which the heating gas enters at the top, and an ascending branch ll which it leaves at the top. At the point of exit the heating gas is' substantially cooled down, in fact by about 50 as compared with the point of entrance, but since in the arrangement for the heating ues which has been described there is always a place of high temperature disposed next to a place of low temperature the common yielding up of heat of adjacent heating flue places of a pair of such flues is approximately the same at all places of the heating wall. Actually the heat transference in the upper part of the heating wall is somewhat .greater than at the lower part. This is because the heat decreases on the part of the heating gas, therefore also the heat given up by the heating gas, does not follow a straight line law but follows a curve which is bent out towards the bottom, since the heat given up depends on the heat fall gradient which diminishes with decreasing heating gas temperature. If now it is desired to produce an absolutely uniform temperature at all places of the heating wall then this can be secured by raising the amount of heat given up at the lower places by raising the rate of flow of the heating gas, that is to say by diminishing the transverse cross section. In the constructional examples shown this is advantageously eected by suspending rods I0 in the ascending branches Il, which rods are provided at certain intervals with throttle plates 20 which diminish more or less the cross section of the ascending branches I I of the heating fiues in a suitable manner at the appropriate places land increase the rate of flow and therefore the heat yielded up by the heating gases. l

The idea of supplying and withdrawing the heating means through pipe members rigidly connected with then heating wall, in which the heating wall itself if mounted so that it can be swung out, can be carried out with many modications in the constructional form. It is for example forthwith wall being swung about the axis of the pipe mein-k bers there may also be a displacement, somewhat as shown in the arrangement according to Figs. 7 and 8, in which the hollow heating walls 6 have the form of circular sections and the coke chambers 'I lying between them are spread out by the heating walls being mo-ved outwardly. The distributing or collecting channels l2, I 1 are here likewise attached by pipe members i4, I5 rigidly situated on the heating walls. The said pipe members however, when the walls are spread apart, do not execute any swinging motion but are displaced along their axes.

In all the constructional examples contemplated the pipel members may also serve for leading heating medium conduits instead of leading heating gases, which conduits for example supply gas and air to gas burners arranged in the interior of the heating Walls. Of course further, additio-nal, connections on the heating Wall may be provided not serving for the mounting of the heating Wall and intended for the supply and withdrawal of heating means, of, for example the burner connections 81 in Fig. 6.

I claim: r

1. Coke oven for low or medium temperature coking comprising hollow, movable heating walls and coal coking chambers between said walls, said walls and said chambers arranged inside an enclosure for the collection of by products, hollow tubular extensions attached to said walls for the conveyance of heating gases to and from said Walls, said extensions extending through the walls of said enclosure into the free space outside of said enclosure, sealing means for movably sealing the outer surface of said extensions against said Walls of said enclosure, substantially all component parts of said sealing means being accessible and adjustable from the free space outside of said enclosure.

2. Coke oven for low or medium temperature coking comprising hollow movable heating Walls, an enclosure surrounding said walls, a plurality of heating gas distributing flues outside and independent of and separated from said enclosure by means of free spaces, hollow tubular extensions extending from said heating walls through the walls of said enclosure and through said free spaces and through or into the walls of said gas distributing ues, the outer surfaces of said tubular extensions being sealed against the enclosure walls by means of motion permitting enclosure wall seals, and against the distributing flue walls by means of motion permitting ue wall seals, said enclosure wall seals being separated from said flue wall seals by said free spaces and substantially all component parts of all of said seals being accessible and adjustable from said free space.

3. Coke oven of the kind described in claim 2 comprising seals for the sealing of the hollow tubular extension of the heating walls against the outer walls of the enclosure and of the heating gas distributing flues, said seals being regulable dry seals.

4. Coke oven of the kind described in claim 2, comprising hollow tubular extensions for the heating walls penetrating the walls of the enclosure and of the distributing flues individual frames surrounding said tubular extensions at the points Where they penetrate the Walls of the enclosure and of the fiues, said frames carrying the seals for sealing the extensions against said walls, and said frames being removably placed in said walls.

5. Coke oven of the kind described in claim 1, comprising movable walls with tubular extensions passing through the Walls of the enclosure, means for relieving the load of said walls upon the sealing devices and for reducing the friction of the tubular extensions in the frames surrounding them, said means comprising special movable suspension members, for said Walls.

6. Coke oven of the kind described in claim 1, comprising special movable suspension members for the heating walls, each of said members consisting of two rods passing through the wall of the enclosure, the lower ends of said rods being iiexibly connected to said heating wall the upper ends of said rods being iiexibly connected to a balancing beam outside of said enclosure said beam being supported resiliently.

FRANZ PUENING. 

